Ukujonga kwiinjini ezahlukeneyo zomgca ezikhoyo kunye nendlela yokukhetha olona hlobo lufanelekileyo lwesicelo sakho.
Eli nqaku lilandelayo sisishwankathelo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini zomgca ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa nemigaqo yazo yokusebenza, imbali yophuhliso lweemagnethi ezisisigxina, iindlela zoyilo lweemotor ezinemigca kunye namacandelo oshishino asebenzisa uhlobo ngalunye lwemoto enemigca.
I-Linear Motor Technology ingaba: I-Linear Induction Motors (LIM) okanye i-Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSM).I-PMLSM inokuba yintsimbi engundoqo okanye ingabinantsimbi.Zonke ii-motor zifumaneka kwi-flat okanye kwi-tubular configuration.U-Hiwin ubephambili kuyilo lwemoto kunye nokuveliswa iminyaka engama-20.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeLinear Motors
Injini yomgca isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngentshukumo yomgca, okt, ukuhambisa umthwalo onikiweyo ngesantya esimiselweyo, isantya, umgama wokuhamba kunye nokuchaneka.Zonke iitekhnoloji ezishukumayo ngaphandle komgca wemoto oqhutywayo luhlobo oluthile lokuqhuba koomatshini ukuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo ibe yintshukumo yomda.Iinkqubo ezinjalo zentshukumo ziqhutywa zizikrufu zebhola, amabhanti okanye i-rack kunye nepinion.Ubomi benkonzo yazo zonke ezi drives buxhomekeke kakhulu ekunxityweni kwezixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo ibe yintshukumo yomgca kwaye imfutshane.
Olona ncedo luphambili lweenjini zomgama kukubonelela ngentshukumo yomgama ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomatshini kuba umoya uyindawo yothumelo, ke ngoko iimoto eziziimigca ziqhuba ngokungakhubekiyo, zibonelela ngobomi benkonzo obungenamda.Ngenxa yokuba akukho malungu omatshini asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa intshukumo yomgama, isantya esiphezulu kakhulu sisantya sinokwenzeka apho ezinye iidrives ezinjengezikrufu zebhola, amabhanti okanye irack kunye nepinion ziya kudibana nemida enzima.
Linear Induction Motors
Isazobe soku-1
I-motor induction motor (LIM) yeyokuqala yaqanjwa (i-US patent 782312 - Alfred Zehden ngo-1905).Iqulethwe "i-primary" eyenziwe nge-stack ye-laminations yensimbi yombane kunye nobuninzi beekhoyili zobhedu ezinikezelwa yi-voltage yesigaba sesithathu kunye "nesibini" ngokubanzi siqulunqwe yintsimbi yensimbi kunye nobhedu okanye i-aluminium plate.
Xa iikhoyili eziziiprayimari zinikwa amandla isibini siba ngumagnet kwaye intsimi yee-eddy currents yenziwa kumqhubi wesibini.Lo mmandla wesibini uya kuthi emva koko udibanise ne-EMF ephambili umva ukuvelisa amandla.Isalathiso sesindululo siya kulandela umthetho kaFleming wasekhohlo okt;Isalathiso sesindululo siya kuba sithe gqolo kwicala langoku kunye necala lendawo / i-flux.
Isazobe 2
Iinjini zokungeniswa kwemigca zibonelela ngenzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kuba eyesibini ayisebenzisi naziphi na iimagnethi ezisisigxina.Imagnethi esisigxina ye-NdFeB kunye ne-SmCo zibiza kakhulu.Iinjini zokungeniswa komgca zisebenzisa izinto eziqhelekileyo, (intsimbi, i-aluminium, ubhedu), kwisekondari yazo kwaye ziphelise lo mngcipheko wokubonelela.
Nangona kunjalo, icala elisezantsi lokusebenzisa ii-motor induction linear kubukho bokuqhuba kwezi motors.Ngelixa kulula kakhulu ukufumana iidrive zeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana iidrive zeemotor induction linear.
Isazobe sesi-3
IMagnet esisigxina yeeMoto ezilungelelanisiweyo
Imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motors (PMLSM) inesiseko esifana neseprayimari yeemotho zokungenisa ezinear (okt, iseti yeekhoyili ezifakwe kwistakhi sezibane zentsimbi zombane neziqhutywa ngamandla ombane amanqanaba amathathu).Eyesibini iyahluka.
Esikhundleni seplate ye-aluminium okanye ubhedu efakwe kwisitya sentsimbi, isibini siqulunqwe ngamamagnethi asisigxina afakwe kwiplate yensimbi.Umkhombandlela ngamnye umazibuthe wemagnetization uya kutshintshana ngokubhekiselele kuleyo yangaphambili njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-3.
Inzuzo ebonakalayo yokusebenzisa imagnethi esisigxina kukudala intsimi esisigxina kwisibini.Siye sabona ukuba amandla aveliswa kwi-motor induction ngokusebenzisana kwentsimi yokuqala kunye nentsimi yesibini efumaneka kuphela emva kokuba intsimi ye-eddy currents idalwe kwinqanaba lesibini ngokusebenzisa i-motor airgap.Oku kuya kubangela ukulibaziseka okubizwa ngokuba "yi-slip" kunye nentshukumo yesibini esingahambelaniyo kunye nombane osisiseko onikezelwe kwiprayimari.
Ngesi sizathu, iimotor ze-induction linear zibizwa ngokuba "zi-asynchronous".Kwisixhobo esinemagnethi esisigxina, isindululo sesibini siya kuhlala sihambelana nombane osisiseko kuba indawo yesibini ihlala ikhona kwaye ngaphandle kokulibaziseka.Ngesi sizathu, iimotor ezisisigxina zomgca zibizwa ngokuba yi "synchronous".
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemagnethi ezisisigxina zingasetyenziswa kwi-PMLSM.Kwiminyaka eyi-120 edlulileyo, umlinganiselo wesixhobo ngasinye utshintshile.Ukusukela namhlanje, ii-PMLSM zisebenzisa nokuba yimagnethi ye-NdFeB okanye imagnethi ye-SmCo kodwa uninzi lwayo lusebenzisa imagnethi ye-NdFeB.Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa imbali yophuhliso olusisigxina lwemagnethi.
Isazobe sesi-4
Amandla emagnethi abonakaliswe yimveliso yamandla eMegagauss-Oersteds, (MGOe).Ukuza kuthi ga phakathi kwiminyaka yamashumi asibhozo kuphela i-Steel, Ferrite kunye ne-Alnico ezazifumaneka kwaye zihambisa iimveliso zamandla aphantsi kakhulu.Iimagnethi ze-SmCo zaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ngokusekwe kumsebenzi ka-Karl Strnat kunye no-Alden Ray kwaye kamva bathengiswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60.
Isazobe sesi-5
Imveliso yamandla yeemagnethi ze-SmCo ekuqaleni yayingaphezulu kwemveliso yamandla ephindwe kabini yeemagnethi ze-Alnico.Ngo-1984 iGeneral Motors kunye neSumitomo zavelisa ngokuzimeleyo iimagnethi ze-NdFeB, ikhompawundi ye-Neodynium, i-Iron kunye ne-Boron.Ukuthelekiswa kweemagnethi ze-SmCo kunye ne-NdFeB kuboniswe kwi-Fig. 5.
Iimagnethi ze-NdFeB ziphuhlisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunemagnethi e-SmCo kodwa zibuthathaka kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.Iimagnethi ze-SmCo ziyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kodwa zibiza kakhulu.Xa ubushushu bokusebenza bufikelela kobona bushushu bemagnethi buphezulu umazibuthe uqalisa ukwenza imagnethi, kwaye le demagnetization ayinakubuyiselwa.Umazibuthe ulahlekelwa nguzibuthe uya kubangela ukuba injini iphelelwe ngamandla kwaye ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana neespecs.Ukuba umazibuthe usebenza ngaphantsi kobushushu be-100% yexesha, amandla ayo aya kugcinwa phantse ngokungenasiphelo.
Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lemagnethi ye-SmCo, iimagnethi ze-NdFeB lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiinjini ezininzi, ngakumbi xa kunikwa amandla aphezulu akhoyo.Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izicelo apho ubushushu bokusebenza bunokuba phezulu kakhulu kuyakhethwa ukuba usebenzise iimagnethi ze-SmCo ukuhlala kude nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza.
Uyilo lweenjini zeLinear
Imoto yomgama iyilwe ngokubanzi ngeFinite Element Electromagnetic Simulation.Imodeli ye-3D iya kwenziwa ukuze imele isitaki sokulanywa, iikhoyili, iimagnethi, kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi exhasa oomazibuthe.Umoya uya kumodareyithwa ujikeleze imotor kunye nakwi-airgap.Emva koko iipropathi zezixhobo ziya kungeniswa kuwo onke amacandelo: imagnethi, intsimbi yombane, intsimbi, iikhoyili, kunye nomoya.Umnatha uya kwenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ze-H okanye ze-P kwaye imodeli isonjululwe.Emva koko i-current isetyenziswe kwikhoyili nganye kwimodeli.
Umzobo we-6 ubonisa imveliso yokulinganisa apho i-flux in tesla iboniswa.Ixabiso eliphambili lemveliso yomdla wokulinganisa ngokuqinisekileyo iMotor Force kwaye iya kufumaneka.Ngenxa yokuba isiphelo sokujika kweekhoyili singavelisi nawaphi na amandla, kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuqhuba ukulinganisa kwe-2D ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-2D (i-DXF okanye enye ifomathi) yemoto equka i-laminations, imagnethi, kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi exhasa iimagnethi.Imveliso ye-2D yokulinganisa iya kufutshane kakhulu kwi-3D yokulinganisa kwaye ichanekile ngokwaneleyo ukuvavanya amandla emoto.
Isazobe 6
Imoto yokungenisa ehambelanayo iya kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, nokuba kunge-3D okanye imodeli ye-2D kodwa ukusombulula kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi kune-PMLSM.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-magnetic flux ye-PMLSM yesibini iya kumodareyithwa ngoko nangoko emva kokungena kwiipropathi zemagnethi, ke ngoko kuya kufuneka isisombululo esinye sokufumana onke amaxabiso emveliso kubandakanya amandla emoto.
Nangona kunjalo, i-flux yesibini ye-motor induction iya kufuna uhlalutyo lwexeshana (ithetha ukuba izisombululo ezininzi ngexesha elithile) ukuze i-magnetic flux ye-LIM yesibini inokwakhiwa kwaye emva koko amandla anokufumaneka.Isoftware esetyenziselwa i-Electromagnetic Finite Element Simulation iya kufuna ukuba namandla okwenza uhlalutyo lwexeshana.
Inqanaba leMoto elilayini
Isazobe 7
I-Hiwin Corporation ibonelela ngeenjini ezilinganayo kwinqanaba lecandelo.Kule meko, kuphela injini yomgca kunye neemodyuli zesibini ziya kuhanjiswa.Kwimoto ye-PMLSM, iimodyuli zesibini ziya kuba neepleyiti zetsimbi ezinobude obuhlukeneyo phezu kwazo apho iimagnethi ezisisigxina ziya kuhlanganiswa.I-Hiwin Corporation ikwabonelela ngezigaba ezipheleleyo njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-7.
Inqanaba elinjalo libandakanya isakhelo, iibheringi zomgca, i-motor primary, imagnethi yesibini, inqwelwana yomthengi ukuba aqhoboshele umvuzo wakhe, i-encoder, kunye nentambo yentambo.Inqanaba lemoto elinomgca liya kuba lilungele ukuqala ekuhanjisweni kwaye wenze ubomi bube lula kuba umthengi akayi kufuna ukuyila kunye nokwenza iqonga, elifuna ulwazi lwengcali.
UBomi beNkonzo yeLinear Motor Stage
Ubomi benkonzo yenqanaba lemoto elinomgca lide kakhulu kuneqonga eliqhutywa yibhanti, isikrufu sebhola okanye irack kunye nepinion.Amalungu oomatshini amanqanaba aqhutywa ngokungathanga ngqo adla ngokuba ngamacandelo okuqala ukusilela ngenxa yokukhuhlana kunye nokunxitywa ahlala evezwe kuwo.Inqanaba lemoto elinomgca kukuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano ngoomatshini okanye ukunxitywa kuba indawo yokuhambisa ngumoya.Ke ngoko, amacandelo anokuthi angaphumeleli kwinqanaba lemoto elinomgca ziibheringi zomgca okanye imotor ngokwayo.
Iibheringi zomgca zihlala zihlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba umthwalo weradial uphantsi kakhulu.Ubomi benkonzo yemoto buya kuxhomekeka kumyinge wobushushu obusebenzayo.Umzobo 8 ubonisa ubomi bokufakelwa kweemoto njengomsebenzi wobushushu.Umthetho kukuba ubomi benkonzo buya kuhliswa ngesiqingatha rhoqo nge-10 degrees celsius ukuba iqondo lobushushu elibalekayo lingaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu elilinganisiweyo.Umzekelo, i-motor Insulation class F iya kubaleka iiyure ezingama-325,000 kumyinge wobushushu obuyi-120°C.
Ke ngoko, kubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba inqanaba lemoto elinomgca liya kuba nobomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-50+ ukuba imoto ikhethwe ngokucokisekileyo, ubomi benkonzo obungenakuze buphunyezwe ngebhanti, isikrufu sebhola, okanye inqanaba eliqhutywa nge-rack kunye nepinion.
Isazobe 8
Izicelo zeLinear Motors
Iimotor ze-linear induction motors (LIM) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezinobude bohambo olude kwaye apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu adityaniswe nezantya eziphezulu kakhulu.Isizathu sokukhetha i-linear induction motor kungenxa yokuba iindleko zesekondari ziya kuba sezantsi kakhulu kunokuba usebenzisa i-PMLSM kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu i-Linear Induction motor esebenzayo iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke amandla amancinci aya kulahleka.
Umzekelo, i-EMALS (i-Electromagnetic Launch Systems), esetyenziswa kubathwali beenqwelo-moya ukuqalisa iinqwelomoya zisebenzisa iimotor zokungeniswa kwemigca.Imoto yokuqala enjalo yafakwa kwi-USS Gerald R. Ford ethwala iinqwelomoya.Injini inokukhawulezisa inqwelomoya ye-45,000 kg kwi-240 km/h kumzila weemitha ezingama-91.
Omnye umzekelo wokukhwela kwipaki yokuzonwabisa.Iimotor induction linear ezifakwe kwezinye zezi nkqubo zinokukhawulezisa iintlawulo eziphezulu kakhulu ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-100 km/h ngemizuzwana emi-3.Amanqanaba eenjini zokuqhelaniswa nomgca angasetyenziswa kwii-RTUs, (iiYunithi zezoThutho zeRobhothi).Uninzi lwe-RTUs zisebenzisa i-rack kunye ne-pinion drives kodwa i-linear induction motor inokubonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nobomi benkonzo obude.
IiMotor eziziGxina zeMagnet Synchronous
Ii-PMLSMs ziya kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ezinemivumbo emincinci kakhulu, isantya esisezantsi kodwa siphezulu ukuya kokuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nemijikelo yomsebenzi onzima.Uninzi lwezi zicelo zifumaneka kwi-AOI (i-Automated Optical Inspection), i-semiconductor kunye ne-laser machine industries.
Ukukhethwa kwamanqanaba aqhutywa ngemoto, (ukuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo), kunika izibonelelo zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo kwiidrive ezingathanga ngqo, (izigaba apho intshukumo yomgca ifunyenwe ngokuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo), kuyilo oluhlala ixesha elide kwaye lufanelekile kumashishini amaninzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-06-2023